Wason (1968)
Uses: Matching bias, heuristics, models of thinking, duel processing model
Aim:
The aim of this study was to investigate the heuristic of confirmation bias and the errors people make in logical tasks based on heuristics.
Procedure:
Research Method: Lab Experiment
Participants were asked to complete a test of logical reasoning now called the Wason Selection Task. In this task they are shown cards, such as the ones below, and asked the following question: "Which card(s) must be turned over to test the idea that if a card shows an even number on one face, then its opposite face is red?". The cards shown were 3, 8, red, and brown.
Results:
Most participants give the incorrect answer, which is to turn over the cards with number 8 and the red card. Less than 10% of participants give the correct answer, which is to turn over the number 8 card and brown card.
matching bias: in an abstract problem, we tend to be overly influenced by the wording (or context) of the question.